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Approximately
150 species of butterflies can be found in Illinois. Unfortunately,
they are declining in numbers, mainly due to the loss of wetlands
and prairies. Planting butterfly gardens will help support their
populations and, as a bonus, give us the pleasure of their beauty
in our yards.
Plants
for caterpillars
When planning a butterfly garden, we always think about the showy
flowers that attract the butterflies. But remember that butterflies
start out as caterpillars, the butterfly larvae. And caterpillars
require specific (generally native) woody plants (trees or shrubs)
to feed upon. You won’t get the butterflies if you don’t
have the plants necessary for their larvae.
Here are some examples of woody plants needed for specific butterfly
larvae. They are all native to the Riverwoods area. Many are very
common here and can be easily found throughout the village.
|
| Scientific
Name |
Common
Name |
Type
of Plant |
Butterfly
Larva |
| Amelanchier
spp |
Serviceberry |
Large
shrubs |
Striped
Hairstreak |
| Amorpha
canescens |
Leadplant |
Prairie
plant / small shrub |
Dog Face |
| Asimina
triloba |
Paw Paw |
Understory
tree |
Zebra
Swallowtail |
| Betula
spp |
Birch |
Trees |
Compton
Tortoiseshell, Mourning Cloak, Tiger Swallowtail |
| Celtis
spp |
Hackberry |
Tree |
Hackberry
Butterfly, Snout Butterfly, Question Mark, Mourning Cloak |
| Cornus
spp |
Dogwood |
Shrubs |
Spring/Summer
Azure |
| Crataegus
spp |
Hawthorn |
Understory
trees |
Hawthorn
Striped Hairstreak |
| Prunus
serotina |
Black
Cherry |
Tree |
Tiger
Swallowtail, Red-spotted Purple |
| Salix
spp |
Willow |
Trees |
Striped
Hairstreak, Acadian Hairstreak, Viceroy, Compton Tortoiseshell,
Mourning Cloak, Red-spotted Purple |
| Tilia
americana |
Linden/Basswood |
Tree |
Question
Mark |
|
Plants
for butterflies
Most flowering plants that attract butterflies require
sun. Plant these at the woodland edge, in an open
meadow, a prairie or in a sunny garden. The butterflies require
sun, too. They warm their flight muscles in the sunlight and will
rest on a warm stone or board when they aren’t feeding.
Aside from their beauty, butterflies are excellent pollinators
and the larvae are an important part of the food chain.
The larvae may munch away at some of your garden plants as well
as their host trees, but consider that a good sign…not a problem.
Insecticides will harm the larvae and butterflies,
along with whatever other insects you may target, so refrain from
using insecticides in your butterfly garden, (if you feel you must
use them at all).
Butterflies usually like flowers with a ‘landing
pad’ like coneflowers, asters or the clus-tered
flower heads of milkweed or phlox. In general, the butterflies are
not as picky about their food as the caterpillars. Large masses
of nectar-producing flowers will attract many different species.
Here are some suggestions for native plants you can put in your
garden, along the edge of the woods or in an open meadow.
|
| Scientific
Name |
Common
Name |
Color |
Height |
Season |
Sunlight |
| Aruncus
dioicus |
Goat's
Beard |
White |
3 - 5' |
June-July |
Pt Sh |
| Asclepias
spp |
Milkweed |
Pink |
1 - 5' |
July
- Aug |
Sun,
Pt Sun |
| Asclepias
tuberosa |
Butterfly
Weed |
Orange |
1 - 2.5'
|
June-Sept |
Sun |
| Aster
novae-angliae |
New England
Aster |
Violet-Purple |
3 - 6' |
Aug -
Oct |
Sun,
Pt Sun |
| Echinacea
spp |
Coneflowers |
White,
Purple |
2 - 4' |
June-Sept |
Sun,
Pt Sun |
| Eupatorium
perfoliatum |
Boneset |
White |
2 - 4' |
July-Aug |
Sun |
| Eupatorium
maculatum or purpureum |
Joe Pye
Weed |
Lavender |
2 - 5' |
Aug-Sept |
Sun (mac.),
Pt Sh (purp.) |
| Liatris
spp |
Blazing
Star |
Rose/Purple |
18 -
48" |
Aug-Oct |
Sun |
| Monarda
fistulosa |
Beebalm
/ Bergamot |
Lavender |
2 - 4' |
July
- Sept |
Sun |
| Phlox
spp |
Phlox |
Pink |
2 - 4' |
July
- Sept |
Sun |
| Rudbeckia
hirta |
Black-eyed
Susan |
Yellow |
1 - 2' |
July |
Sun,
Pt Sh |
| Solidago
spp |
Goldenrod |
Yellow |
2 - 7' |
Aug-Oct |
Sun,
Pt Sh |
| Veronia
|
Ironweed |
Magenta |
3 - 6' |
Aug-Oct |
Pt Sun |
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